Abstract
INDONESIA:
Pembatalan perkawinan adalah salah satu akibat dari adanya persoalan yang timbul dalam rumah tangga. Dalam pandangan islam pembatalan perkawinan memiliki istilah fasakh. fasakh dibagi menjadi dua; nikahul fasid dan nikahul bathil. Masing-masing memiliki factor dan akibat yang berbeda terhadap suami dan istri. Di Indonesia peraturan tentang pembatalan perkawinan diatur dalam undang-undang no.1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan. Malaysia yang merupakan Negara kesatuan terdiri dari 14 negara bagian. Salah satunya adalah Negara bagian johor, Negara ini memiliki undang-undang keluarga sendiri yang mana juga mengatur tentang pembatalan perkawinan yaitu Enakment hukum keluarga islam no. 17 tahun 2003. Baik di Indonesia dan johor memiliki berbagai persamaan dan perbedaan, seperti mayoritas penduduknya muslim dan juga mempunyai ras yang sama yaitu suku melayu. Begitu juga dalam masalah pembatalan perkawinan terdapat perbedaan factor yang menyebabkannya, sehingga menimbulkan dampak hukum yang berbeda juga.
Atas dasar ini maka muncul rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: 1) Apa persamaan dan perbedaan factor yang menyebabkan pembatalan perkawinan di Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam pandangan UU no. 1 tahun 1974 dan Enakment hukum keluarga islam no. 17 tahun 2003, 2) Apa akibat hukum pembatalan perkawinan di Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam pandangan maslahah al-mursalah.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yang menggunakan data kepustakaan atau library research. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang- undangan. Adapun metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi mulai dari penentuan bahan hukum, inventarisasi bahan hukum, dan pengkajian bahan hukum secara komprehensif, sistematis, dan terstruktur.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa factor yang menyebabkan pembatalan perkawinan di Indonesia terdapat dalam pasal 26 dan 27 UU no. 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan sedangkan di Johor terdapat pada pasal 53 Enakment hukum keluarga islam no. 17 tahun 2003. Ada factor yang menjadikan batalnya perkawinan, Johor menyebutkan secara lebih detail dari pada Indonesia. Untuk akibat hukum yang timbul dari pembatalan perkawinan adalah putusnya perkawinan. Tidak adanya iddah dalam UU di Indonesia menjadikan suatu masalah bagi istri yang perkawinannya berakhir akibat pembatalan perkawinan. Sedangkan Johor mengatur perkara tersebut Sehingga untuk Negara johor hak istri setelah putusnya perkawinan tetap terlaksana. Tidak adanya masa iddah di Indonesia dalam pembatalan perkawinan menimbulkan masalah baru terutama bagi anak yang masih dalam kandungan. Sehingga perlu adanya suatu aturan yang bisa mengatasi masalah ini, yang mana aturan tersebut harus memnuhi aspek kemaslahatan bagi suami dan istri.
ENGLISH:
Marriage cancellation is one of the consequences of any problems that arise in households. In the Islamic view of marriage cancellation it is called as fasakh. In practice fasakh was divided into two; marriage fasid and marriage bathil. Each of that has a different factor and effect against the couple husband and wife. In Indonesia the rules about marriage cancellation regulated in Act No. 1 Year 1974 on marriage. Malaysia which is a unitary State composed of 14 States. One that is the State of Johor, that country has own family laws which also regulate the marriage cancellation, is Islamic Family Law Enactment No.17 Year 2003 Johor State. Both in Johor and Indonesia have various similarities and differences, such as the majority of the citizens are muslims and also has the same race that Malays. So, on the issue of marriage cancellation there are differences causative factor in the marriage cancellation, rising a different legal effects also.
Based on problems above, the researcher designed object problems as follows: 1) what the similar and different factors that causing the marriage cancellation in Indonesia and Malaysia in view Act No. 1 Year 1974 on marriage and Islamic family law Enactment No. 17 Year 2003, 2) what legal impact of the marriage cancellation in Indonesia and Malaysia in view of maslahah al-mursalah.
This research is normative research which uses library material or library research. Approach used in this research is statue approach. Data collecting method done by documentation method, begun from legal material determination, legal material inventory, and legal material observation comprehensively, systematically, and structural analysis.
The conclusions of this study show that the factor causing the marriage cancellation in Indonesia is contained in Article 26 and 27 of Act No. 1 Year 1974 on marriage in the State of Johor contained in Article 53 Islamic family law Enactment No. 17 Year 2003. There are various factors which make the marriage cancellation, Johor mention it more detail, while in Indonesia Mentioning globally. While the legal consequence arising from the marriage cancellation is the breakdown in the marriage. The absence of Iddah in Act No. 1 Year 1974 on marriage makes it a problem for the wife that her marriage ended as a result of marriage cancellation. meanwhile Johor was rule it, For Johor State the wife’s right after breakdown marriage remain fulfilled. The lack of Iddah period in Indonesia in the event of marriage cancellation gives rise to new problems, especially for children who are still in the fetus. So the need for a rule that could solve this problem, which is where these rules must meet this aspect of the benefit of husband and wife
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The
Background of The Research
Marriage for people is something which very
sacred and cannot be separated from provision of religious law. People who
married did not merely want to give their lust, but they want to get peace and
to implement the Tradition (sunnah) of prophet Muhammad. The purpose of
marriage is to realize domestic life in sakinah mawadah warohmah 1 situation.
Allah said2 1Muhammad Asmawi, Nikah (Dalam Perbincangan Dan Perdebatan,.
(Yogyakarta: Darussalam 2004), P. 3 2QS. Ar-Rumm (30): 21 2 "And among His
Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may
dwell In tranquillity with them, and He has put love and Mercy between your
(hearts): Verily In that are Signs for those who reflect”. During marriage time
each couple may have problem in their domestic life. Not only a couple but
almost couples felt it. There are couples can pass it, but not all them can
pass. In marriage, there are many problem, usually couple in face such as
economic, in social and relation affect to law. In addition, the marriage not
only ruled in religion but also in state. Actually the regulation about marriage
existed before independent state. It made by custom leaders and the scholars of
religions. It develops in societies until a state formed. Leaders of custom and
scholars was carried the regulation from their custom and religion make into
state regulation.3 Every marriage reputed legal by religion and state if the
marriage has complied with the terms and not breaking the conditions of
marriage either inform both religious and State law. If there are prohibitions
in a marriage or violated the terms set by law, then the marriage can be
terminated or cancelled. There are many factors which cause marriage
cancellation. Not each couple can cancel their relation that has legal power in
state and religion. Couple can cancel their relation by submitting their proposal
to the court. The breakdown of a marriage can be caused by decision of the
Court. The breakdown in the marriage on the basis of the Court decision can
occur due to a petition for cancel 3Hilman Hadikusuma, Hukum Perkawinan
Indonesia Menurut Perundangan Hukum Adat Hukum Agam, (Bandung : Mandar Maju
2007),. P. 1 3 the marriage were filed by the parties concerned or have been
harmed due to the marriage. In general, there are two factors causes the
marriage cancellation, first it happened before marriage. When the couple was
married and after sometime known that the wife or husband are the same family
that forbidden to marry. second, the factor happens after marriage, it happens
when the couple are married, then are of them change their religion, like the
wife is being Protestan or Christian. So the husband can submit the petition to
court to cancel the marriage. Every state that the citizens’ majority are
muslims rules the act that has relation with marriage. For examples Indonesia
and Malaysia. Indonesia has specific regulation about marriage namely The Act
No. 1 Of 1974 on Marriage. While Malaysia has The Islamic Family law (Federal
Territories) Act 1984. However Malaysia is unite state, this states of 14 State
and each of them have regulation about marriage. For instance, In Johor State
the regulation about marriage ruled in Islamic Family Law Enactment no. 17 Year
2003 of Johor State. The researcher interests to research marriage cancellation
in Johor because Johor is a state of Malaysia near Indonesia. The geography of
Johor is same with Indonesia there, in addition the researcher have same
partner in there. So, researcher decided to make a research about marriage
cancellation in Johor. Both of Indonesia and Malaysia have cases about marriage
cancellation. In Indonesia there is public figure an artist who has case about
marriage cancellation that was submited by her father. She is Asmirandah
Zentman who have husband Rivanno Watimena have problem in their marriage. The
problem on their 4 marriage happen when Rivanno Watimena change his religion.
Actually Rivanno Watimena before marries with Asmirandah Zentman is catholic
but he was promise to be moslem when marries with Asmirandah Zentman. After
some weeks he changes his religion again to be catholic. This is the factor
cause the Asmirandah Zentman’s father to submit the petition about marriage
cancellation. Meanwhile in Johor Muhammad Nazirul Azman Nasaruddin and Zanariah
Abdullah has directed parted ways after the religious Office confirm their
wedding is invalid. Both marriage is invalid because the wedding were under way
using guardian jugde while younger brother Zanariah, Mohd Shafiq, who was then
19 years of age are eligible to be guardians. Petition for marriage
cancellation the couple that made by religious Department subsequently received
by the Court when the Court decided the couple parted by the cancellation of
the wedding and can remarriage at any time. Marriage cancellation always make
new problem in family. There are some effects. The problem not only for the
parties but also for other parties, like for the child and the third party in
contract. For the contract like the contract of house or car, who will continue
to pay the credit? For children when their parents was separated, they shall lost
attention from parents. The other problem is in inheritance, will they get the
inheritance or not? Indonesia regulated cancellation of marriage in Marriage
Act Of 1974. In this act regulated the method of breakdown a marriage, that
chapter IV about Marriage cancellation in Article 22th -28th . This Article
regulates the meaning, the factors and impacts of marriage cancellation. In
Article 22th consist 5 “Perkawinan dapat dibatalkan, apabila para pihak tidak
memenuhi syarat-syarat untuk melangsungkan perkawinan”.4 This act explains
about the factors and impacts of the marriage cancellation. Meanwhile in Johor
marriage cancellation ruled on Islamic Family Law Enactment no. 17 of Johor
State Year 2003. It ruled not detail, there is not differences between marriage
cancellation and divorce. It regulated on Article 555 “Tiap-tiap Pendaftar dan
juga Ketua Pendaftar hendaklah menyenggara suatu Daftar Perceraian dan
Pembatalan dan hendaklah serta-merta mencatatkan di dalamnya butir-butir yang
ditetapkan mengenai semua perintah perceraian dan pembatalan yang dihantar
kepadanya di bawah subseksyen dan mengenai semua perintah perceraian dan
pembatalan yang dipohon di bawah subseksyen untuk didaftarkan.” Both Indonesia
and Malaysia adopted fiqh the source of National law. They use the classic
books as source, like Syafe’e madhhab, Maliki, Hambali and Hanafi books. The
Act No 1 of 1974 about Marriage in Indonesia in many Article adopted from
Syafi’I books, in the same hands in Malaysia the Federal Family Act No 303 of 1983
that the source of law family in part of states adopted from this act also use
syafi’i books. In this research the researcher uses maslahah al-mursalah as the
tool to analyze and interpretation the act of marriage cancellation. As named
above the source of law in Indonesia and Malaysia is Syafi’i books. Meanwhile
the scholars of Syafi’iyah as the followers of Syafi’I do not use maslahah
al-mursalah as way 4 UU No. 1 of 1974, LN No 1 of 1974
5Http://Www.Jksm.Gov.My/Jksmv2/Index.Php?Option=Com_Wrapper&View=Wrapper&Itemid=
8&Lang=Bm In November 29, 2014 6 to do ijtihad. Imam Syafi’i don’t touch
this way in his book ar-risalah. This argument supported by al-Amidi and Ibn
al-Hajib in their book al-Bidâkasyi. But some scholar of Syafi’iyah argue that
they use the maslahah almursalah as way to do ijtihad. They agreed using the
maslahah al-mursalah not fully, but with some notation that although this
maslahah isn’t supported by syâra’ directly or not, at least that maslahah
close with the principles of syâra’ law which permanently.6 Actually Indonesia
and Malaysia have some similarities like same ethnic and islam is the majority
religion of citizens. Before Malaysia was colonized by England, Indonesia and
Malaysia under a kingdom of Majapahit, therefore, both countries have several
same tradition. After Malaysia got the independent, it used law of British and
Indonesia used law of Netherland, because Indonesia colonized by Netherland.
From the similarities and differences between Malaysia and Indonesia the
researcher want to research about “Comparative Study on Marriage Cancellation
on Maslahah al-Mursalah (The Act No. 1 Marriage Regulation Of 1974 Indonesia
And Islamic Family Law Enactment no. 17 Year 2003 of Johor State)” B. The
Statement of Problem From the background of the problem, this research
addresses are as follows there following questions: 1. What are similar and
different factors causing marriage cancellation in Malaysia and Indonesia on
The Act No. 1 Marriage Regulation Of 6 Amir Syarifuddin, Ushul Fiqh, (Jakarta:
Kencana, 2009), P. 358-359 7 1974 Indonesia And Islamic Family Law Enactment
no. 17 Year 2003 of Johor State perspective? 2. What are impact of marriage
cancellation in Malaysia and Indonesia on The Act No. 1 Marriage Regulation Of
1974 Indonesia And Islamic Family Law Enactment no. 17 Year 2003 of Johor State
perspective based on maslahah al-mursalah view? C. The Objective of Research
From the formulation of the problem proposed above, this study aims : 1. To
compare the factors causing marriage cancellation in Indonesia and Malaysia on
The Act No. 1 Marriage Regulation Of 1974 Indonesia And Islamic Family Law
Enactment no. 17 Year 2003 of Johor State perspective. 2. To describe the
impact of marriage cancellation in Malaysia and Indonesia on The Act No. 1
Marriage Regulation Of 1974 Indonesia And Islamic Family Law Enactment no. 17
Year 2003 of Johor State perspective according maslahah al-mursalah view. D.
Significance of Research The results of the present study expected to be a
useful as reference, both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, this
study aims to describe, determine, and analyze the marriage cancellation in
Malaysia and Indonesia. Both of them have similarities and differences.
Practically, the results of this research are expected to make a contribution
and input for policy makers in the implementation of the Act of marriage. In 8
addition, it can be useful for the preparation of legislation on marriage law,
as well as an improvement to the legislation that has loopholes that may be
used. In addition, the results of this research can also be used as reference
material for the community in performing and conducting the marriage. E.
Operational Definition Marriage : Legal union of a man and woman as husband and
wife.7 Cancellation : have not law consequences because of have not complete
the terms or valid law.8 Say that already arranged will not be done or happen9
Maslahah : A something seen good by mind because can import a goodness and
evade disrepair for human, and suitable with Islamic law when decide the law.10
Mursalah : Regardless or free from the explanation that indicate able or not to
be done. 11 F. Research Method To get a valid result of research from
scientific essay the research method have an important duty. This part very
influence in research, duty of research method is leading the writing to the
goal of research. There are many methods in research that used by researcher.
The research methods used in this research are, 7Oxford, Learner’s Pocket
Dictionary. (English: Oxford University Press), 2008 4 th Edition P .270
8Dzulkifli Umar, Kamus Hukum, (Surabaya: Gramedia Press, 2012). P. 90 9Oxford,
Learner’s Pocket Dictionary,. P. 59 10 Amir Syarifuddin, Ushul Fiqh,. P. 347 11
Amir Syarifuddin, Ushul Fiqh,. P. 254 9 1. Type of Research Based on the
background presented by researcher, this research is study in the field of law.
This research uses normative research or study on literature (library
research), so by Amiruddin,12 this study is also called doctrinal legal research.
Because this study conceptualizes what is written against the norms of society
behaves as a standard. So then the data used are secondary data consisting of
primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal
materials. Normative law research is is the method that used in law research.
It done by search library materials that use to discuss books that have
connection with the title. 2. Research Approach The type of research is the
normative research, and as the consequence of the problems, so an approach that
can be used by researcher is comparative approach. The meaning of approach is
scientific view that used to understand data. The comparative approach means
the approach that performed by reviewing the law for comparing the Islamic
legislation of other countries about the similarities and differences thing.13
Thus, researcher will identify problems that arise in the community,
legislation, document or other literature about the title. This research is
intended to understand the problems that arise to marriage cancellation. The
researcher 12Amiruddin, Pengantar Metode Penelitian Hukum, (Jakarta:
Rajagrafindo Persada, 2004), P. 118. 13Pedoman Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Tahun
2012 (Malang: Fakultas Syariah UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, 2012) P. 21 10 chose
this approach because this research is systematic research that used to
research an object in literature area without manipulating data. In this
writing the researcher also use maslahah al-mursalah as a tool to explain the
theory. maslahah al-mursalah is a method in ushul fiqh (basics fiqh), the
scholars use it to solve some problem in this era. 3. Source of data According
to Marzuki, the data sources used in the normative research is secondary data,
which consists of primary legal materials; secondary legal materials, and
tertiary legal materials.14 Therefore, the research literature, will use the
data to help research in the form of secondary data which divided into primary
legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials.
Primary legal materials which will be used is the Law. The main materials in
this research are Act No 1 of 1974 about Marriage and Islamic Family Law
Enactment no. 17 Year 2003 Of Johor State. Secondary legal materials are
materials that help in explanation of the primary materials. The form of
Secondary legal materials books, literature, regulations and other concepts
related to the approach in this study, like Hukum Perkawinan Nasional;
Sudarsono, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata: Subekti, Penelitian Hukum: Peter Mahmud
Marzuki, Tahir Mahmood: Personal Law in Islamic countries and the websites that
have relation with this research like www.jksm.gov.my, www.lwyerment.com.
14Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum,(Jakarta: Kencana, 2010) 6th Edition.
H.118. 11 While the tertiary legal materials in this study are materials that
give instructions or additional information to the primary legal materials and
secondary legal materials, which form a dictionary or encyclopedia. 4. Data
Collection Method Collection data method is systematic procedure and standart
to get data that served.15 Both primary legal materials and secondary legal
materials collected by topic issues that have been formulated based
documentation system16 that allows researcher to explore the materials obtained
and classified according to the source and hierarchy to be studied
comprehensively. The steps in data collection method that will runs the writer
is to find and looking for data that have relation with the main problem, pick
out the valid data from some source. The writer use literature research, so the
data will get from books, journal and another source like website, dictionary
and encyclopedia. 5. Data Processing Method Data processing method explain the
procedure of processing and analyze data accordance with the used approach in
this study. This study uses the comparative approach. Therefore, researcher
explains the results of comparison data that used in Indonesia and Malaysia to
good, logical, and effective sentence for easy of understanding and
interpretation.17 Data analyzing started by editing, classifying, verifying,
analyzing and the last is concluding. The steps of data processing of research
as follows: 15Moh Nazir, Metode Penelitian, (Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia. 2011), P.
174 16Jhon W. Creswell, Research Design: Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif,
Dan Mixed, Terj. Achmad Fawaid, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar), 2010, P. 269.
17Pedoman Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Tahun 2012P. 29. 12 a. Editing The data is a
number of used information that obtained from documents or related books on law
in Indonesia and Malaysia. Primarily on it is completeness, clarity of meaning,
appropriateness and relevance of a data with any other data. this step the
researcher will review the result of data to know the complete data. b.
Classifying The researcher studies the acquired data, so it can be classified
or grouped on focus problems. This is done to ease in analyzing data. Thus, the
researcher analyzes the data by classifying the multiple categories.18 The goal
of this step is to take easy the researcher or the reader to understand this
research, caused there are many data got when research happen. The step in
classifying is the researcher will classify the the regulation about marriage
cancellation in Indonesia and Johor state. There are many regulation about it,
in Indonesia there are BW (Burgerlijk Wetbook) and the Act No. 1 of 1974 on
Marriage meanwhile in Johor is Islamic Family Law Enactment no. 17 Year 2003 Of
Johor State. c. Verifying Checking data is through on understanding from the
acquired data. So, the next step done after the classification step is
verification step, i.e. researcher step to restart or repeat the correctness of
the data and has been classified, so there are no errors or mistake. 18Amirudin
and Zainal Asikin, Pengantar Metode Peneltian Hukum, (Jakarta : Rajawali Pers,
2006), P. 168. 13 The researcher will verify the data from the source, which
data will use in this research. There are many data got from the source like
Regulation, Journal and article. In this step the he will verify the data. d.
Analyzing Data analysis is a very critical step in research. analyzing the
data, shall ensure that the analysis patterns will be used. In analyzing the
data, there are two analysis i.e. analysis of statistical and
non-statistical.19 This study uses the analysis of non-statistical where this
data is appropriate with descriptive or textual data. And descriptive data only
analyses the data according to the contents. Therefore, this kind of analysis is
often called the analysis of the content (content analysis).20 In this step the
researcher will analyzing the textual data from the source of data. The
analyzing will analyze the Regulation, Journal and article. This step will
explain by detail in chapter 3. e. Concluding After the end of analyzing, the
last step is concluding. The last step is intended to concluding any
information of acquired data. in this step the researcher hopes finding the
answers of the result of research, and get the true and accurate conclusion.
This step will conclude the research in chapter, which the concluding is the
last step of this research. He will get the result of this research in this
step. 19Sumadi Suryabrata, Metodologi Penelitian, (Jakarta, Rajawali Pers,
2012), P. 40. 20Sumadi, Metodologi P. 40. 14 G. Previous Research The function
of previous research is to differentiate this research with other researches
that have some topics. the first thesis writing by Yusnidar Rachman21 by title
“Pembatalan Perkawinan Serta Akibat Hukumnya Di Pengadilan Agama Slawi”. This
research in empirical research, the research done in religion Court of Slawi.
The result of this thesis is this research is study case in religion court. It
explain about marriage cancellation caused by false identity. This marriage
cancelled because the husband before marriage with his wife he was married and
he marriage again with another identity. This thesis also explain about the
division of property that got during marriage. Next, Nabella Artha Ayu Sofyana
Putri22 by title “Pembatalan Perkawinan Dan Akibat Hukumnya Di Pengadilan Agama
Karanganyar”. This research is case research the number case is
59/Pdt.G/2005/PA.Slw. The result, at this thesis is about the impact of
marriage cancellation for children. For them marriage cancellation cannot take
the rights of children, like inheritante and living cost. And this thesis
saying about the impact to third party like in rent agreement, in selling and
buying. If there are third parties in marriage, so the agreement must done by
the agreement. 21Yusnidar Rachman, Pembatalan Perkawinan Serta Akibat Hukumnya
Di Pengadilan Agama Slawi. Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. 2006 22Nabella
Artha Ayu Sofyana Putri, Pembatalan Perkawinan Dan Akibat Hukumnya Di
Pengadilan Agama Karanganyar, 15 The third research is by Sikun23 he wrote
“Tinjauan hokum islam terhadap pembatalan perkawinan karena pemalsuan identitas
dan pengaruhnya atas hak warisan anak”. This thesis explains about a case in
religius court of Bantul. The result of thesis is marriage cancellation caused
by fault identity by husband. He was married and marry again by another woman
by debase identity. And the child whom born from married get inheritance from
her parents. Meanwhile for marriage cancellation. However, the child still have
relation with the parents although the marriage was cancelled by court.
According the court view the child was born in legal situation he can get
inheritance from parents. And the last research is by Nur halimatus sa’diyah
the title is “Ultra Petitum Partium Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama Tentang
Pembatalan Perkawinan” ( Verdict Study no. 394/Pdt.g/2008/PA/Pasuruan) 2011 uin
malang. This author discusses research about an award that exceeds the
principal of petition. In case the applicant had committed polygamy marriages
where such marriages in the applicant collecting two marriages which still
exists between the two families. Thus one of the marriage should be annulled
and deemed the marriage never existed. However, in this study the applicant
filed suit as a divorced, although divorcees on the award judges break the
matter as a cancellation of the marriage. The judge ruled the marriage
cancellation due to weigh up the evidence and witnesses that have been
presented in the petition.24 23Sikun, Tinjauan Hokum Islam Terhadap Pembatalan
Perkawinan Karena Pemalsuan Identitas Dan Pengaruhnya Ata Hak Waisan Anak. UIN
Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, 2009 24Nur Halimatus Sa’diyah, Ultra Petitum
Partium Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama Tentang Pembatalan Perkawinan (Studi
Putusan No. 394/Pdt.G/2008/PA/Pasuruan.) 2011, Uin Malang. 16 From research
above the writer have differences in his research, the research method of
writer is comparative research. The writer will compare the marriage
cancellation in Indonesia and Malaysia. And this research is normative research
meanwhile all of researches above are empirical research. H. Structure of
Discussion In order the research directed and the explanation structured, this
thesis will be made with a systematic procedure and organized in four chapters.
Each chapters have their focused discussion as described as follows: Chapter I
is introduction. This chapter contains: background of research that provide a
foundation to think of the matter of research, statement of problem, objective
of problem, significance of research , research method aims the discussion
research can be directional and systematic, previous research, and the last is
the structure of discussion. It is intended that the reader has a global
picture of the research. In this chapter explain about originality the
research. Chapter II, to get valid result, the writer will import some theories
as comparative source in research. From the theories wished can give a picture
or problem formulation that found in research object that used in analyzing
process. This chapter is to review the concepts and theoretical basis for
research analysis. It will be revealed the concept of: Marriage in Islamic law,
Indonesia Marriage Law No 1 of 1974 Indonesia , and Islamic Family Law
Enactment no. 17 Year 2003 of Johor State view, definition of marriage and
marriage cancellation in Islam, Indonesia and Malaysia. This chapter will
explain about marriage and marriage cancellation, including the factors,
impacts and the parties whom have 17 role in marriage cancellation. Chapter two
is intended to use as the basis of analysis of the research. Chapter III is a
research and discussion results. This chapter will describe the legal materials
that have been obtained from the research literature. It is the data that has
been obtained from reading and studying literature which is then edited,
classified, verified, and analyzed. This chapter is the main chapter in this
research, it will explain the solving of the problem formulation in first chapter.
This chapter is also a part that will be used as a foothold to provide
conclusions on the fourth chapter. In first and second chapter was explained
the goal of the research, so in this chapter will solves the problem by method
research that was explain before. This chapter will answers the problem of
marriage cancellation in Indonesia and Malaysia especially in Johor. The
problem in two states will responded by this chapter, both differences and
similarities factor cause marriage cancellation and the impact of marriage
cancellation. Chapter IV is the conclusion chapter. This last chapter presented
conclusion of the discussion of the research as the answer of the statement of
problem and stated some suggestions as a contribution of scientific ideas. This
chapter is made with the expectation, the reader can understand about the
research.
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